Xhosa (South African) Music: Singing , Dancing, & Hand Clapping (Excerpt from 1981 Dissertation By Deirdre Doris Hansen) complete reprint

According to Pancocojams, Edited by Azizi Powell [This is a complete reprint of an October 2023 pancocojams post that presents excerpts from a 1981 dissertation that I found online about South African (Xhosa) music and dance. That 2023 post remains on this blog. I’m reprinting that 2023 post to help people become aware of it and because I plan to publish other pancocojams posts of excerpts from that lengthy dissertation. The links to those posts will be added here.}    This pancocojams post presents an excerpt from a 1981 dissertation by Deirdre Doris Hansen, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. I happened upon this PDF while searching online for information about the body stances and movements that were done and are done while singing and dancing to isiXhosa music. The content of this post is presented for historical, socio-cultural, and educational purposes. All copyrights rema